diff --git a/local-tool/Makefile b/local-tool/Makefile
index 2687506..06ca92a 100644
--- a/local-tool/Makefile
+++ b/local-tool/Makefile
@@ -446,9 +446,19 @@ payload-linux: build-server-linux vendor-python-linux vendor-wheels-linux vendor
 	@cp vendor/ffmpeg/linux/LICENSE.txt payload/linux/bin/ffmpeg-LICENSE.txt 2>/dev/null || true
 	@if [ -d server/data ]; then cp -R server/data/. payload/linux/data/; fi
 	@if [ -d server/scripts ]; then cp -R server/scripts/. payload/linux/scripts/; fi
-	@cp vendor/python/linux/python.tar.gz payload/linux/python/ 2>/dev/null || echo "!! WARN: python tarball 缺失"
+	@if [ ! -f vendor/python/linux/python.tar.gz ]; then \
+		echo "!! ERROR: vendor/python/linux/python.tar.gz 不存在，vendor-python-linux 應該已先跑過 !!"; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi
+	@cp vendor/python/linux/python.tar.gz payload/linux/python/
 	@cp vendor/wheels/linux/*.whl payload/linux/wheels/ 2>/dev/null || true
-	@echo "==> Linux payload 完成："
+	@wheel_count=$$(ls -1 payload/linux/wheels/*.whl 2>/dev/null | wc -l); \
+	if [ "$$wheel_count" -lt 4 ]; then \
+		echo "!! ERROR: payload/linux/wheels 只找到 $$wheel_count 個 wheel（預期至少 4 個：numpy / opencv / pyusb / kp）"; \
+		echo "   請檢查 vendor/wheels/linux/ 並重跑 make vendor-wheels-linux"; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi
+	@echo "==> Linux payload 完成：包含 $$(ls payload/linux/wheels/*.whl 2>/dev/null | wc -l) 個 wheel + python tarball"
 	@du -sh payload/linux 2>/dev/null || true
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "payload/linux 結構："
diff --git a/local-tool/installer/linux/build-appimage.sh b/local-tool/installer/linux/build-appimage.sh
index 566be86..8e236d6 100755
--- a/local-tool/installer/linux/build-appimage.sh
+++ b/local-tool/installer/linux/build-appimage.sh
@@ -76,18 +76,54 @@ if [ -f "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/bin/ffmpeg-LICENSE.txt" ]; then
     cp "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/bin/ffmpeg-LICENSE.txt" "$APPDIR/usr/share/doc/visiona-local/ffmpeg-LICENSE.txt"
 fi
 
+echo "==> 檢查 Python runtime + wheels（bundled Python 必備，缺就自動補）"
+# Python tarball
+if [ ! -f "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/python/python.tar.gz" ]; then
+    echo "⚠️  payload/linux/python/python.tar.gz 不存在，嘗試自動補（make vendor-python-linux + payload-linux）"
+    (cd "$PROJECT_ROOT" && make vendor-python-linux payload-linux)
+fi
+if [ ! -f "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/python/python.tar.gz" ]; then
+    echo "❌ python tarball 仍缺失：$PAYLOAD_LINUX/python/python.tar.gz"
+    echo "   AppImage 必須內嵌 Python runtime（Linux 強制 bundled mode），無此檔無法 build。"
+    echo "   請手動執行：make vendor-python-linux"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Wheels（至少要有 numpy / opencv / pyusb / kp 4 個關鍵 wheel，bridge scan 才能跑）
+wheel_count=$(ls -1 "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/wheels/"*.whl 2>/dev/null | wc -l)
+if [ "$wheel_count" -lt 4 ]; then
+    echo "⚠️  payload/linux/wheels 只找到 $wheel_count 個 wheel（預期至少 4），嘗試自動補（make vendor-wheels-linux + payload-linux）"
+    (cd "$PROJECT_ROOT" && make vendor-wheels-linux payload-linux)
+    wheel_count=$(ls -1 "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/wheels/"*.whl 2>/dev/null | wc -l)
+fi
+if [ "$wheel_count" -lt 4 ]; then
+    echo "❌ wheels 數量仍不足：$PAYLOAD_LINUX/wheels/ 只有 $wheel_count 個 .whl（預期至少 4：numpy / opencv / pyusb / kp）"
+    echo "   請檢查 vendor/wheels/linux/ 或 visiona-local/wheels/linux/ 是否有 KneronPLUS wheel"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# 驗證關鍵 wheel 名稱存在（避免只下載到其他 wheel 卻缺 kp 等）
+missing=()
+for pkg in numpy opencv pyusb kp; do
+    if ! ls "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/wheels/"*${pkg}*.whl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        missing+=("$pkg")
+    fi
+done
+if [ ${#missing[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
+    echo "❌ 缺少關鍵 wheel：${missing[*]}"
+    echo "   目前 wheels 目錄內容："
+    ls -1 "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/wheels/" 2>/dev/null | sed 's/^/     /'
+    echo "   kp wheel 需手動放到 visiona-local/wheels/linux/（KneronPLUS SDK 非公開套件）"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "==> ✅ python tarball + $wheel_count 個 wheel 齊備"
+
 echo "==> 複製資料、腳本、Python runtime、wheels"
 [ -d "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/data" ]    && cp -R "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/data/."    "$APPDIR/usr/lib/visiona-local/data/"    || true
 [ -d "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/scripts" ] && cp -R "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/scripts/." "$APPDIR/usr/lib/visiona-local/scripts/" || true
-[ -f "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/python/python.tar.gz" ] && \
-    cp "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/python/python.tar.gz" "$APPDIR/usr/lib/visiona-local/python/" || \
-    echo "⚠️  python tarball 不存在"
-
-if ls "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/wheels/"*.whl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    cp "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/wheels/"*.whl "$APPDIR/usr/lib/visiona-local/wheels/"
-else
-    echo "⚠️  wheels 目錄為空"
-fi
+cp "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/python/python.tar.gz" "$APPDIR/usr/lib/visiona-local/python/"
+cp "$PAYLOAD_LINUX/wheels/"*.whl "$APPDIR/usr/lib/visiona-local/wheels/"
 
 # 複製 udev rule 到 lib 供 Wails app 首次啟動時使用
 if [ -f "$PROJECT_ROOT/installer/linux/99-kneron.rules" ]; then
@@ -133,6 +169,10 @@ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="${HERE}/usr/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:-}"
 export VISIONA_BUNDLE_BIN_DIR="${HERE}/usr/bin"
 export VISIONA_BUNDLE_LIB_DIR="${HERE}/usr/lib/visiona-local"
 
+# Linux AppImage 強制走 bundled Python（內嵌 python-build-standalone + wheels），
+# 避免 system Python 缺 numpy / kp / pyusb 導致 bridge scan 失敗。
+export VISIONA_PYTHON_MODE=bundled
+
 exec "${HERE}/usr/bin/visiona-local" "$@"
 APPRUN
 chmod +x "$APPDIR/AppRun"
diff --git a/local-tool/server/internal/api/handlers/system_handler.go b/local-tool/server/internal/api/handlers/system_handler.go
index 1774baa..9a5a339 100644
--- a/local-tool/server/internal/api/handlers/system_handler.go
+++ b/local-tool/server/internal/api/handlers/system_handler.go
@@ -281,20 +281,22 @@ func (h *SystemHandler) InstallUdevRule(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 	defer os.Remove(tmpRule)
 
-	// 用 pkexec 提權複製（會彈 Linux 圖形化密碼對話框）
-	cpCmd := exec.Command("pkexec", "cp", tmpRule, "/etc/udev/rules.d/99-kneron.rules")
+	// 用 pkexec 一次提權執行三個動作（cp + reload-rules + trigger），使用者只要輸入一次密碼。
+	// 用 sh -c 包起來而不是呼叫 3 次 pkexec（原本每次都彈密碼框）。
+	// tmpRule 路徑和 /etc/udev/rules.d/99-kneron.rules 都是固定值，無 shell injection 風險。
+	script := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"cp %q /etc/udev/rules.d/99-kneron.rules && udevadm control --reload-rules && udevadm trigger",
+		tmpRule,
+	)
+	cpCmd := exec.Command("pkexec", "sh", "-c", script)
 	if out, err := cpCmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
 		c.JSON(500, gin.H{"success": false, "error": gin.H{
 			"code":    "UDEV_INSTALL_FAILED",
-			"message": fmt.Sprintf("pkexec cp failed: %v (%s)", err, strings.TrimSpace(string(out))),
+			"message": fmt.Sprintf("pkexec install failed: %v (%s)", err, strings.TrimSpace(string(out))),
 		}})
 		return
 	}
 
-	// reload udev（每個指令單獨 pkexec，避免 shell injection）
-	_ = exec.Command("pkexec", "udevadm", "control", "--reload-rules").Run()
-	_ = exec.Command("pkexec", "udevadm", "trigger").Run()
-
 	c.JSON(200, gin.H{"success": true, "data": gin.H{
 		"message": "udev rule installed. Please unplug and replug your Kneron device.",
 	}})
diff --git a/local-tool/visiona-local/app.go b/local-tool/visiona-local/app.go
index c186525..edc8670 100644
--- a/local-tool/visiona-local/app.go
+++ b/local-tool/visiona-local/app.go
@@ -1016,6 +1016,14 @@ func (a *App) ensureBundledPython() (string, error) {
 // locateBundledPythonAssets 找 python tarball 與 wheels 目錄。
 // 順序：macOS bundle → 開發模式 payload/darwin → 上一層。
 func locateBundledPythonAssets() (tarball, wheelsDir string, err error) {
+	// 0. Linux AppImage：AppRun 已 export VISIONA_BUNDLE_LIB_DIR
+	if libDir := os.Getenv("VISIONA_BUNDLE_LIB_DIR"); libDir != "" {
+		t := filepath.Join(libDir, "python", "python.tar.gz")
+		w := filepath.Join(libDir, "wheels")
+		if fileExists(t) && dirExists(w) {
+			return t, w, nil
+		}
+	}
 	// 1. macOS .app bundle：Contents/Resources/python + Resources/wheels
 	if exe, e := os.Executable(); e == nil {
 		exeDir := filepath.Dir(exe)
@@ -1059,6 +1067,14 @@ func locateBundledPythonAssets() (tarball, wheelsDir string, err error) {
 //  2. Windows / Linux 打包後：與 Wails 執行檔同目錄下的 bin/
 //  3. 開發模式：payload/darwin/bin（相對 cwd）
 func locateBundleBinDir() (string, error) {
+	// Linux AppImage：AppRun 已 export VISIONA_BUNDLE_BIN_DIR=<mount>/usr/bin
+	if binDir := os.Getenv("VISIONA_BUNDLE_BIN_DIR"); binDir != "" {
+		if dirExists(binDir) {
+			abs, _ := filepath.Abs(binDir)
+			return abs, nil
+		}
+	}
+
 	if exe, err := os.Executable(); err == nil {
 		exeDir := filepath.Dir(exe)
 		if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
@@ -1102,10 +1118,20 @@ func locateBundleBinDir() (string, error) {
 // locateBundleDataDir 找 installer 打包的 data 目錄（含 models.json + nef/ 預置模型）。
 //
 // 順序：
-//  1. macOS .app bundle：Contents/Resources/data
-//  2. Windows / Linux 打包後：與 Wails 執行檔同目錄下的 data/
-//  3. 開發模式：<repo>/server/data（相對 cwd，或往上一層 / 兩層）
+//  1. Linux AppImage：VISIONA_BUNDLE_LIB_DIR/data（AppRun 注入）
+//  2. macOS .app bundle：Contents/Resources/data
+//  3. Windows / Linux（非 AppImage）：與 Wails 執行檔同目錄下的 data/
+//  4. 開發模式：<repo>/server/data（相對 cwd，或往上一層 / 兩層）
 func locateBundleDataDir() (string, error) {
+	// Linux AppImage：AppRun 已 export VISIONA_BUNDLE_LIB_DIR=<mount>/usr/lib/visiona-local
+	if libDir := os.Getenv("VISIONA_BUNDLE_LIB_DIR"); libDir != "" {
+		d := filepath.Join(libDir, "data")
+		if dirExists(d) {
+			abs, _ := filepath.Abs(d)
+			return abs, nil
+		}
+	}
+
 	if exe, err := os.Executable(); err == nil {
 		exeDir := filepath.Dir(exe)
 		if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {