# GCNet: Non-local Networks Meet Squeeze-Excitation Networks and Beyond

## Introduction

<!-- [ALGORITHM] -->

<a href="https://github.com/xvjiarui/GCNet">Official Repo</a>

<a href="https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/v0.17.0/mmseg/models/decode_heads/gc_head.py#L10">Code Snippet</a>

## Abstract

<!-- [ABSTRACT] -->

The Non-Local Network (NLNet) presents a pioneering approach for capturing long-range dependencies, via aggregating query-specific global context to each query position. However, through a rigorous empirical analysis, we have found that the global contexts modeled by non-local network are almost the same for different query positions within an image. In this paper, we take advantage of this finding to create a simplified network based on a query-independent formulation, which maintains the accuracy of NLNet but with significantly less computation. We further observe that this simplified design shares similar structure with Squeeze-Excitation Network (SENet). Hence we unify them into a three-step general framework for global context modeling. Within the general framework, we design a better instantiation, called the global context (GC) block, which is lightweight and can effectively model the global context. The lightweight property allows us to apply it for multiple layers in a backbone network to construct a global context network (GCNet), which generally outperforms both simplified NLNet and SENet on major benchmarks for various recognition tasks. The code and configurations are released at [this https URL](https://github.com/xvjiarui/GCNet).

<!-- [IMAGE] -->
<div align=center>
<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/24582831/142901601-ad17922e-2538-4b48-9f51-84a57d44b12b.png" width="80%"/>
</div>

<details>
<summary align="right"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.11492">GCNet (ICCVW'2019/TPAMI'2020)</a></summary>

```latex
@inproceedings{cao2019gcnet,
  title={Gcnet: Non-local networks meet squeeze-excitation networks and beyond},
  author={Cao, Yue and Xu, Jiarui and Lin, Stephen and Wei, Fangyun and Hu, Han},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops},
  pages={0--0},
  year={2019}
}
```

</details>

## Results and models

### Cityscapes

| Method | Backbone | Crop Size | Lr schd | Mem (GB) | Inf time (fps) |  mIoU | mIoU(ms+flip) | config                                                                                                                    | download                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| ------ | -------- | --------- | ------: | -------- | -------------- | ----: | ------------: | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| GCNet  | R-50-D8  | 512x1024  |   40000 | 5.8      | 3.93           | 77.69 |         78.56 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes/gcnet_r50-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes_20200618_074436-4b0fd17b.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes/gcnet_r50-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes_20200618_074436.log.json)     |
| GCNet  | R-101-D8 | 512x1024  |   40000 | 9.2      | 2.61           | 78.28 |         79.34 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes/gcnet_r101-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes_20200618_074436-5e62567f.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes/gcnet_r101-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes_20200618_074436.log.json) |
| GCNet  | R-50-D8  | 769x769   |   40000 | 6.5      | 1.67           | 78.12 |         80.09 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes.py)   | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes/gcnet_r50-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes_20200618_182814-a26f4471.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes/gcnet_r50-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes_20200618_182814.log.json)         |
| GCNet  | R-101-D8 | 769x769   |   40000 | 10.5     | 1.13           | 78.95 |         80.71 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes/gcnet_r101-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes_20200619_092550-ca4f0a84.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes/gcnet_r101-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes_20200619_092550.log.json)     |
| GCNet  | R-50-D8  | 512x1024  |   80000 | -        | -              | 78.48 |         80.01 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/gcnet_r50-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes_20200618_074450-ef8f069b.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/gcnet_r50-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes_20200618_074450.log.json)     |
| GCNet  | R-101-D8 | 512x1024  |   80000 | -        | -              | 79.03 |         79.84 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/gcnet_r101-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes_20200618_074450-778ebf69.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/gcnet_r101-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes_20200618_074450.log.json) |
| GCNet  | R-50-D8  | 769x769   |   80000 | -        | -              | 78.68 |         80.66 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes.py)   | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes/gcnet_r50-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes_20200619_092516-4839565b.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes/gcnet_r50-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes_20200619_092516.log.json)         |
| GCNet  | R-101-D8 | 769x769   |   80000 | -        | -              | 79.18 |         80.71 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes/gcnet_r101-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes_20200619_092628-8e043423.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes/gcnet_r101-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes_20200619_092628.log.json)     |

### ADE20K

| Method | Backbone | Crop Size | Lr schd | Mem (GB) | Inf time (fps) |  mIoU | mIoU(ms+flip) | config                                                                                                                | download                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| ------ | -------- | --------- | ------: | -------- | -------------- | ----: | ------------: | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| GCNet  | R-50-D8  | 512x512   |   80000 | 8.5      | 23.38          | 41.47 |         42.85 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k.py)   | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k_20200614_185146-91a6da41.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k_20200614_185146.log.json)         |
| GCNet  | R-101-D8 | 512x512   |   80000 | 12       | 15.20          | 42.82 |         44.54 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k_20200615_020811-c3fcb6dd.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k_20200615_020811.log.json)     |
| GCNet  | R-50-D8  | 512x512   |  160000 | -        | -              | 42.37 |         43.52 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k_20200615_224122-d95f3e1f.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k_20200615_224122.log.json)     |
| GCNet  | R-101-D8 | 512x512   |  160000 | -        | -              | 43.69 |         45.21 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k_20200615_225406-615528d7.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k_20200615_225406.log.json) |

### Pascal VOC 2012 + Aug

| Method | Backbone | Crop Size | Lr schd | Mem (GB) | Inf time (fps) |  mIoU | mIoU(ms+flip) | config                                                                                                                 | download                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| ------ | -------- | --------- | ------: | -------- | -------------- | ----: | ------------: | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| GCNet  | R-50-D8  | 512x512   |   20000 | 5.8      | 23.35          | 76.42 |         77.51 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug_20200617_165701-3cbfdab1.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug_20200617_165701.log.json)     |
| GCNet  | R-101-D8 | 512x512   |   20000 | 9.2      | 14.80          | 77.41 |         78.56 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug_20200617_165713-6c720aa9.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug_20200617_165713.log.json) |
| GCNet  | R-50-D8  | 512x512   |   40000 | -        | -              | 76.24 |         77.63 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug_20200613_195105-9797336d.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug/gcnet_r50-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug_20200613_195105.log.json)     |
| GCNet  | R-101-D8 | 512x512   |   40000 | -        | -              | 77.84 |         78.59 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug_20200613_185806-1e38208d.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/gcnet/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug/gcnet_r101-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug_20200613_185806.log.json) |
