# Rethinking atrous convolution for semantic image segmentation

## Introduction

<!-- [ALGORITHM] -->

<a href="https://github.com/tensorflow/models/tree/master/research/deeplab">Official Repo</a>

<a href="https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/v0.17.0/mmseg/models/decode_heads/aspp_head.py#L54">Code Snippet</a>

## Abstract

<!-- [ABSTRACT] -->

In this work, we revisit atrous convolution, a powerful tool to explicitly adjust filter's field-of-view as well as control the resolution of feature responses computed by Deep Convolutional Neural Networks, in the application of semantic image segmentation. To handle the problem of segmenting objects at multiple scales, we design modules which employ atrous convolution in cascade or in parallel to capture multi-scale context by adopting multiple atrous rates. Furthermore, we propose to augment our previously proposed Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling module, which probes convolutional features at multiple scales, with image-level features encoding global context and further boost performance. We also elaborate on implementation details and share our experience on training our system. The proposed `DeepLabv3' system significantly improves over our previous DeepLab versions without DenseCRF post-processing and attains comparable performance with other state-of-art models on the PASCAL VOC 2012 semantic image segmentation benchmark.

<!-- [IMAGE] -->
<div align=center>
<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/24582831/142900575-f30a7755-09aa-406a-bf78-45893a61ee9a.png" width="80%"/>
</div>

<details>
<summary align="right"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.05587">DeepLabV3 (ArXiv'2017)</a></summary>

```latext
@article{chen2017rethinking,
  title={Rethinking atrous convolution for semantic image segmentation},
  author={Chen, Liang-Chieh and Papandreou, George and Schroff, Florian and Adam, Hartwig},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.05587},
  year={2017}
}
```

</details>

## Results and models

:::{note}
`D-8` here corresponding to the output stride 8 setting for DeepLab series.
:::

### Cityscapes

| Method    | Backbone        | Crop Size | Lr schd | Mem (GB) | Inf time (fps) |  mIoU | mIoU(ms+flip) | config                                                                                                                                   | download                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| --------- | --------------- | --------- | ------: | -------- | -------------- | ----: | ------------: | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| DeepLabV3 | R-50-D8         | 512x1024  |   40000 | 6.1      | 2.57           | 79.09 |         80.45 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes.py)         | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes_20200605_022449-acadc2f8.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes_20200605_022449.log.json)                                 |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8        | 512x1024  |   40000 | 9.6      | 1.92           | 77.12 |         79.61 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes.py)        | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes_20200605_012241-7fd3f799.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x1024_40k_cityscapes_20200605_012241.log.json)                             |
| DeepLabV3 | R-50-D8         | 769x769   |   40000 | 6.9      | 1.11           | 78.58 |         79.89 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes.py)          | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r50-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes_20200606_113723-7eda553c.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r50-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes_20200606_113723.log.json)                                     |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8        | 769x769   |   40000 | 10.9     | 0.83           | 79.27 |         80.11 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes.py)         | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes_20200606_113809-c64f889f.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101-d8_769x769_40k_cityscapes_20200606_113809.log.json)                                 |
| DeepLabV3 | R-18-D8         | 512x1024  |   80000 | 1.7      | 13.78          | 76.70 |         78.27 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r18-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes.py)         | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r18-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r18-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes_20201225_021506-23dffbe2.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r18-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r18-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes-20201225_021506.log.json)                                 |
| DeepLabV3 | R-50-D8         | 512x1024  |   80000 | -        | -              | 79.32 |         80.57 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes.py)         | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes_20200606_113404-b92cfdd4.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes_20200606_113404.log.json)                                 |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8        | 512x1024  |   80000 | -        | -              | 80.20 |         81.21 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes.py)        | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes_20200606_113503-9e428899.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes_20200606_113503.log.json)                             |
| DeepLabV3 (FP16)  | R-101-D8 | 512x1024  |   80000 | 5.75     | 3.86           | 80.48 |             - | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_fp16_512x1024_80k_cityscapes.py)     | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_fp16_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101-d8_fp16_512x1024_80k_cityscapes_20200717_230920-774d9cec.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_fp16_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101-d8_fp16_512x1024_80k_cityscapes_20200717_230920.log.json)                 |
| DeepLabV3 | R-18-D8         | 769x769   |   80000 | 1.9      | 5.55           | 76.60 |         78.26 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r18-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes.py)          | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r18-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r18-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes_20201225_021506-6452126a.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r18-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r18-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes-20201225_021506.log.json)                                     |
| DeepLabV3 | R-50-D8         | 769x769   |   80000 | -        | -              | 79.89 |         81.06 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes.py)          | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r50-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes_20200606_221338-788d6228.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r50-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes_20200606_221338.log.json)                                     |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8        | 769x769   |   80000 | -        | -              | 79.67 |         80.81 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes.py)         | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes_20200607_013353-60e95418.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes_20200607_013353.log.json)                                 |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D16-MG124 | 512x1024  |   40000 | 4.7      | - 6.96         | 76.71 |         78.63 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d16-mg124_512x1024_40k_cityscapes.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d16-mg124_512x1024_40k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101-d16-mg124_512x1024_40k_cityscapes_20200908_005644-67b0c992.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d16-mg124_512x1024_40k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101-d16-mg124_512x1024_40k_cityscapes-20200908_005644.log.json) |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D16-MG124 | 512x1024  |   80000 | -        | -              | 78.36 |         79.84 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d16-mg124_512x1024_80k_cityscapes.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d16-mg124_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101-d16-mg124_512x1024_80k_cityscapes_20200908_005644-57bb8425.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d16-mg124_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101-d16-mg124_512x1024_80k_cityscapes-20200908_005644.log.json) |
| DeepLabV3 | R-18b-D8        | 512x1024  |   80000 | 1.6      | 13.93          | 76.26 |         77.88 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r18b-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes.py)        | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r18b-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r18b-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes_20201225_094144-46040cef.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r18b-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r18b-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes-20201225_094144.log.json)                             |
| DeepLabV3 | R-50b-D8        | 512x1024  |   80000 | 6.0      | 2.74           | 79.63 |         80.98 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50b-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes.py)        | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50b-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r50b-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes_20201225_155148-ec368954.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50b-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r50b-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes-20201225_155148.log.json)                             |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101b-D8       | 512x1024  |   80000 | 9.5      | 1.81           | 80.01 |         81.21 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101b-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes.py)       | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101b-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101b-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes_20201226_171821-8fd49503.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101b-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101b-d8_512x1024_80k_cityscapes-20201226_171821.log.json)                         |
| DeepLabV3 | R-18b-D8        | 769x769   |   80000 | 1.8      | 5.79           | 76.63 |         77.51 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r18b-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes.py)         | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r18b-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r18b-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes_20201225_094144-fdc985d9.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r18b-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r18b-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes-20201225_094144.log.json)                                 |
| DeepLabV3 | R-50b-D8        | 769x769   |   80000 | 6.8      | 1.16           | 78.80 |         80.27 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50b-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes.py)         | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50b-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r50b-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes_20201225_155404-87fb0cf4.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50b-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r50b-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes-20201225_155404.log.json)                                 |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101b-D8       | 769x769   |   80000 | 10.7     | 0.82           | 79.41 |         80.73 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101b-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes.py)        | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101b-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101b-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes_20201226_190843-9142ee57.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101b-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes/deeplabv3_r101b-d8_769x769_80k_cityscapes-20201226_190843.log.json)                             |

### ADE20K

| Method    | Backbone | Crop Size | Lr schd | Mem (GB) | Inf time (fps) |  mIoU | mIoU(ms+flip) | config                                                                                                                        | download                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| --------- | -------- | --------- | ------: | -------- | -------------- | ----: | ------------: | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| DeepLabV3 | R-50-D8  | 512x512   |   80000 | 8.9      | 14.76          | 42.42 |         43.28 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k.py)   | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k_20200614_185028-0bb3f844.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k_20200614_185028.log.json)         |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8 | 512x512   |   80000 | 12.4     | 10.14          | 44.08 |         45.19 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k_20200615_021256-d89c7fa4.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_80k_ade20k_20200615_021256.log.json)     |
| DeepLabV3 | R-50-D8  | 512x512   |  160000 | -        | -              | 42.66 |         44.09 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k_20200615_123227-5d0ee427.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k_20200615_123227.log.json)     |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8 | 512x512   |  160000 | -        | -              | 45.00 |         46.66 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k_20200615_105816-b1f72b3b.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_160k_ade20k_20200615_105816.log.json) |

### Pascal VOC 2012 + Aug

| Method    | Backbone | Crop Size | Lr schd | Mem (GB) | Inf time (fps) |  mIoU | mIoU(ms+flip) | config                                                                                                                         | download                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| --------- | -------- | --------- | ------: | -------- | -------------- | ----: | ------------: | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| DeepLabV3 | R-50-D8  | 512x512   |   20000 | 6.1      | 13.88          | 76.17 |         77.42 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug_20200617_010906-596905ef.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug_20200617_010906.log.json)     |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8 | 512x512   |   20000 | 9.6      | 9.81           | 78.70 |         79.95 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug_20200617_010932-8d13832f.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug_20200617_010932.log.json) |
| DeepLabV3 | R-50-D8  | 512x512   |   40000 | -        | -              | 77.68 |         78.78 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug_20200613_161546-2ae96e7e.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug_20200613_161546.log.json)     |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8 | 512x512   |   40000 | -        | -              | 77.92 |         79.18 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug_20200613_161432-0017d784.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_40k_voc12aug_20200613_161432.log.json) |

### Pascal Context

| Method    | Backbone | Crop Size | Lr schd | Mem (GB) | Inf time (fps) |  mIoU | mIoU(ms+flip) | config                                                                                                                               | download                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| --------- | -------- | --------- | ------: | -------- | -------------- | ----: | ------------: | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8 | 480x480   |   40000 | 9.2      | 7.09           | 46.55 |         47.81 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_40k_pascal_context.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_40k_pascal_context/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_40k_pascal_context_20200911_204118-1aa27336.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_40k_pascal_context/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_40k_pascal_context-20200911_204118.log.json) |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8 | 480x480   |   80000 | -        | -              | 46.42 |         47.53 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_80k_pascal_context.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_80k_pascal_context/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_80k_pascal_context_20200911_170155-2a21fff3.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_80k_pascal_context/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_80k_pascal_context-20200911_170155.log.json) |

### Pascal Context 59

| Method    | Backbone | Crop Size | Lr schd | Mem (GB) | Inf time (fps) |  mIoU | mIoU(ms+flip) | config                                                                                                                               | download                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| --------- | -------- | --------- | ------: | -------- | -------------- | ----: | ------------: | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8 | 480x480   |   40000 | -      | -           | 52.61 |         54.28 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_40k_pascal_context_59.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_40k_pascal_context_59/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_40k_pascal_context_59_20210416_110332-cb08ea46.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_40k_pascal_context_59/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_40k_pascal_context_59-20210416_110332.log.json) |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8 | 480x480   |   80000 | -        | -              | 52.46 |         54.09 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_80k_pascal_context_59.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_80k_pascal_context_59/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_80k_pascal_context_59_20210416_113002-26303993.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_80k_pascal_context_59/deeplabv3_r101-d8_480x480_80k_pascal_context_59-20210416_113002.log.json) |

### COCO-Stuff 10k

| Method    | Backbone | Crop Size | Lr schd | Mem (GB) | Inf time (fps) |  mIoU | mIoU(ms+flip) | config                                                                                                                        | download                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| --------- | -------- | --------- | ------: | -------- | -------------- | ----: | ------------: | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| DeepLabV3 | R-50-D8  | 512x512   |   20000 | 9.6      | 10.8          | 34.66 |         36.08 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_20k_coco-stuff10k.py)   | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_20k_coco-stuff10k/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_20k_coco-stuff10k_20210821_043025-b35f789d.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_20k_coco-stuff10k/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_20k_coco-stuff10k_20210821_043025.log.json)         |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8 | 512x512   |   20000 | 13.2     | 8.7          | 37.30 |         38.42 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_20k_coco-stuff10k.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_20k_coco-stuff10k/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_20k_coco-stuff10k_20210821_043025-c49752cb.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_20k_coco-stuff10k/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_20k_coco-stuff10k_20210821_043025.log.json)     |
| DeepLabV3 | R-50-D8  | 512x512   |  40000 | -        | -              | 35.73 |         37.09 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_40k_coco-stuff10k.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_40k_coco-stuff10k/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_40k_coco-stuff10k_20210821_043305-dc76f3ff.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_40k_coco-stuff10k/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_40k_coco-stuff10k_20210821_043305.log.json)     |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8 | 512x512   |  40000 | -        | -              | 37.81 |         38.80 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_40k_coco-stuff10k.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_40k_coco-stuff10k/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_40k_coco-stuff10k_20210821_043305-636cb433.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_40k_coco-stuff10k/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_40k_coco-stuff10k_20210821_043305.log.json) |

### COCO-Stuff 164k

| Method    | Backbone | Crop Size | Lr schd | Mem (GB) | Inf time (fps) |  mIoU | mIoU(ms+flip) | config                                                                                                                        | download                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| --------- | -------- | --------- | ------: | -------- | -------------- | ----: | ------------: | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| DeepLabV3 | R-50-D8  | 512x512   |   80000 | 9.6      | 10.8          | 39.38 |         40.03 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_80k_coco-stuff164k.py)   | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_80k_coco-stuff164k/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_80k_coco-stuff164k_20210709_163016-88675c24.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_80k_coco-stuff164k/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_80k_coco-stuff164k_20210709_163016.log.json)         |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8 | 512x512   |   80000 | 13.2     | 8.7          | 40.87 |         41.50 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_80k_coco-stuff164k.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_80k_coco-stuff164k/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_80k_coco-stuff164k_20210709_201252-13600dc2.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_80k_coco-stuff164k/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_80k_coco-stuff164k_20210709_201252.log.json)     |
| DeepLabV3 | R-50-D8  | 512x512   |  160000 | -        | -              | 41.09 |         41.69 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_160k_coco-stuff164k.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_160k_coco-stuff164k/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_160k_coco-stuff164k_20210709_163016-49f2812b.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_160k_coco-stuff164k/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_160k_coco-stuff164k_20210709_163016.log.json)     |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8 | 512x512   |  160000 | -        | -              | 41.82 |         42.49 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_160k_coco-stuff164k.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_160k_coco-stuff164k/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_160k_coco-stuff164k_20210709_155402-f035acfd.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_160k_coco-stuff164k/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_160k_coco-stuff164k_20210709_155402.log.json) |
| DeepLabV3 | R-50-D8  | 512x512   |  320000 | -        | -              | 41.37 |         42.22 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_320k_coco-stuff164k.py)  | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_320k_coco-stuff164k/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_320k_coco-stuff164k_20210709_155403-51b21115.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_320k_coco-stuff164k/deeplabv3_r50-d8_512x512_4x4_320k_coco-stuff164k_20210709_155403.log.json)     |
| DeepLabV3 | R-101-D8 | 512x512   |  320000 | -        | -              | 42.61 |         43.42 | [config](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation/blob/master/configs/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_320k_coco-stuff164k.py) | [model](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_320k_coco-stuff164k/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_320k_coco-stuff164k_20210709_155402-3cbca14d.pth) &#124; [log](https://download.openmmlab.com/mmsegmentation/v0.5/deeplabv3/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_320k_coco-stuff164k/deeplabv3_r101-d8_512x512_4x4_320k_coco-stuff164k_20210709_155402.log.json) |

Note:

- `FP16` means Mixed Precision (FP16) is adopted in training.
